Majapahit Kingdom

After Singhasari drove Srivijaya of Java as a whole in the year 1290, Singhasari become the most powerful empire in the region. This is a concern Kublai Khan, ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singhasari who demanded tribute. Kertanagara, the last ruler of the kingdom Singhasari refused to pay tribute and
messenger with damage to embarrass her face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatch ekspedisibesar to Java in 1293.
At that time, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, was killed Kertanagara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is taken from maja fruit, and a sense of "bitterness" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongolian army to fight against Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turns against ally Mongolnya thus forcing them pull back its troops home as chaotic as they are in foreign territory. It was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds for to go home, or they should be forced to wait six more months on a foreign island. The exact date is used as date of birth of the Majapahit kingdom Raden Wijaya was the day of the coronation as king, which is on 10 November 1293. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing problems. Some people trusted Katarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was not successful. Slamet Muljana suspect that Mahapatih Halayudha who conspiring to overthrow the king trusted everybody, so he can reach the highest positions in government. But after the death of the last rebels (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and jailed, and then sentenced to death. Wijaya died in 1309. Son and successor Wijaya, Jayanegara, is the master of evil and immoral. He was called Kala Gemet, which means "weak villain". In 1328, Jayanegara killed by tabibnya, Tanca. His stepmother is Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become a priestess. Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoint his daughter to become queen of Majapahit. During the reign Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom developed into larger and more famous in the area. Tribhuwana master Majapahit until her death in 1350. He continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk. Hayam Wuruk glory of Majapahit, also called Rajasanagara, Majapahit ruled from 1350 until 1389. At the time of Majapahit reached top glory with the help mahapatihnya, Gajah Mada. Under the command of Gajah Mada University (1313-1364), Majapahit ruled over more territory. In 1377, several years after the death of Gajah Mada, Majapahit launched a sea attack to Palembang, causing the collapse of the remnants of the kingdom of Srivijaya. According Kakawin Nagarakretagama stanza XIII-XV, Majapahit territory includes Sumatra, Peninsular Malaya, Borneo, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara islands, Maluku, Papua, and some islands of the Philippines. However, the limits of nature and the economy showed that the areas of power does not appear to be under centralized rule of Majapahit, but connected to each other by a trade that might be monopolized by the king. Majapahit also has a relationship with Campa, Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, and Vietnam, and even send-dutanya ambassador to China. After the fall of Majapahit reached its peak in the 14th century, Majapahit power gradually weakened. It seems that civil war (War Paregreg) in 1405-1406, between Wirabhumi against Wikramawardhana. Similarly, there has been the turn of the king who dipertengkarkan in 1450 - an, and the great rebellion waged by a nobleman in 1468. In Javanese tradition there is a kronogram or candrasengkala which reads vanished ilang kretaning earth. Sengkala was reputedly is the year end of Majapahit and should be read as 0041, namely Saka 1400, or 1478 AD. Sengkala meaning is "prosperity vanished away out of the earth". However, the truth is illustrated by the death of Bre candrasengkala Kertabumi, the 11th king of Majapahit, by Girindrawardhana. When Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and the propagator of religion had begun entering the archipelago. At the end of the 14th century and early 15th century, Majapahit influence throughout the archipelago began to decrease. At the same time, a new trading empire based on Islam, the Sultanate of Malacca, began appearing in the western part of the archipelago. Note the history of Chinese, Portuguese (Tome Pires), and Italy (Pigafetta) indicates that there has been transfer of power from the hands of the Hindu ruler of Majapahit into the hands of the Duke of Unus, the ruler of the Sultanate of Demak, between the years 1518 and 1521 AD