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Friday, January 28, 2011
Kartasura Kingdom
Kasunanan Kartasura was a kingdom in Java that was founded in year 1680 and ended in 1742, in furtherance of the Sultanate of Mataram. Royal history is relatively short age tend to fight a civil war characterized by the throne.
Kartasura Kasunanan central location there are currently estimated at Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Central Java.
Amangkurat I was the last king who ruled the Sultanate of Mataram arbitrary since 1645. He is also involved in a dispute with his own son, who served as Duke Anom. Anom Duke in 1670 using Trunajaya of Madura as a tool to conduct a coup against his father.
Rebellion Trunajaya growing again makes it difficult to control. The peak, on July 2, 1677 Mataram palace located in Plered invaded the rebels. Duke Anom choose Amangkurat I ran away with westward.
Amangkurat I died in transit. He was intestate for Duke Anom ask for help to quell Trunajaya VOC and reclaim the throne.
In accordance testament of his father, Duke Anom was working with VOC to quell Trunajaya. He signed the Treaty of Jepara in 1677 with the VOC, which contains VOC will help Duke Anom against Trunojoyo, and instead, VOC entitled to monopolize trade in the North Coast of Java. The assistance of the VOC, was appointed Duke of Anom king without a throne holding the title Amangkurat II. Trunajaya finally arrested and sentenced to death early in 1680.
The old palace of Mataram was already occupied by Prince Puger, son I Amangkurat others, who assigned his father to take it from the hands Trunajaya. Amangkurat II was forced to build a new palace in the Forest Wanakarta, named Kartasura. He began to move into the palace in September 1680.
Then came the war between Kartasura against Mataram (Succession War I) to compete for power over the land of Java as a legitimate heir Amangkurat first. On 28 November 1681 finally surrendered to Prince Puger Amangkurat II who helped VOC. Since that time, officially became part of Mataram Kartasura.
Amangkurat II who ascended the throne upon the help of the VOC, then the day feel very aggrieved with Jepara Agreement 1677. In many ways he tried to escape from the agreement with the VOC, among others, help the struggle of a fugitive named Lucky Suropati. Amangkurat II accept and assist refugees in Kartasura Surapati Fortune. Captain Tack, the VOC troops pursue leaders Fortunately Surapati killed in Kartasura. Fortunately Surapati raised as brothers by Amangkurat II and awarded first prize as the District Pasuruhan with Wiranegara title. Top event, VOC relationship with Amangkurat II heats.
After the death struggle for the throne Amangkurat II occurred between Amangkurat III against the prince who holds Pakubuwana Puger I (Succession War II). In 1705 I managed to repel Amangkurat Pakubuwana III and seize Kartasura. The war between Pakubuwana I which supported the VOC against Amangkurat III supported the family in East Java Fortunately Suropati just ended year 1708. Coronation Puger prove the agreement between archery and Ki Ki Gede Interpreters Martani about the turn of the seven descendants of archery to the descendants of Ki Interpreter Martani.
After the death Pakubuwana I happen again seizing the throne Kartasura among sons, namely IV-assisted Amangkurat VOC against Prince Blitar, Prince Purbaya, and Prince Dipanegara Madison (Succession War III). This civil war ended in 1723 which was won by Amangkurat IV.
Kartasura Kasunanan central location there are currently estimated at Kartasura, Sukoharjo, Central Java.
Amangkurat I was the last king who ruled the Sultanate of Mataram arbitrary since 1645. He is also involved in a dispute with his own son, who served as Duke Anom. Anom Duke in 1670 using Trunajaya of Madura as a tool to conduct a coup against his father.
Rebellion Trunajaya growing again makes it difficult to control. The peak, on July 2, 1677 Mataram palace located in Plered invaded the rebels. Duke Anom choose Amangkurat I ran away with westward.
Amangkurat I died in transit. He was intestate for Duke Anom ask for help to quell Trunajaya VOC and reclaim the throne.
In accordance testament of his father, Duke Anom was working with VOC to quell Trunajaya. He signed the Treaty of Jepara in 1677 with the VOC, which contains VOC will help Duke Anom against Trunojoyo, and instead, VOC entitled to monopolize trade in the North Coast of Java. The assistance of the VOC, was appointed Duke of Anom king without a throne holding the title Amangkurat II. Trunajaya finally arrested and sentenced to death early in 1680.
The old palace of Mataram was already occupied by Prince Puger, son I Amangkurat others, who assigned his father to take it from the hands Trunajaya. Amangkurat II was forced to build a new palace in the Forest Wanakarta, named Kartasura. He began to move into the palace in September 1680.
Then came the war between Kartasura against Mataram (Succession War I) to compete for power over the land of Java as a legitimate heir Amangkurat first. On 28 November 1681 finally surrendered to Prince Puger Amangkurat II who helped VOC. Since that time, officially became part of Mataram Kartasura.
Amangkurat II who ascended the throne upon the help of the VOC, then the day feel very aggrieved with Jepara Agreement 1677. In many ways he tried to escape from the agreement with the VOC, among others, help the struggle of a fugitive named Lucky Suropati. Amangkurat II accept and assist refugees in Kartasura Surapati Fortune. Captain Tack, the VOC troops pursue leaders Fortunately Surapati killed in Kartasura. Fortunately Surapati raised as brothers by Amangkurat II and awarded first prize as the District Pasuruhan with Wiranegara title. Top event, VOC relationship with Amangkurat II heats.
After the death struggle for the throne Amangkurat II occurred between Amangkurat III against the prince who holds Pakubuwana Puger I (Succession War II). In 1705 I managed to repel Amangkurat Pakubuwana III and seize Kartasura. The war between Pakubuwana I which supported the VOC against Amangkurat III supported the family in East Java Fortunately Suropati just ended year 1708. Coronation Puger prove the agreement between archery and Ki Ki Gede Interpreters Martani about the turn of the seven descendants of archery to the descendants of Ki Interpreter Martani.
After the death Pakubuwana I happen again seizing the throne Kartasura among sons, namely IV-assisted Amangkurat VOC against Prince Blitar, Prince Purbaya, and Prince Dipanegara Madison (Succession War III). This civil war ended in 1723 which was won by Amangkurat IV.
Cirebon Kingdom
Sultanate of Cirebon is a renowned Islamic sultanate in West Java in the 15th century and 16th century AD, and is an important base in trade routes and inter-island shipping. Its location on the northern coast of Java island, which is the border between Central Java and West Java, making it a port and a "bridge" between the Javanese and Sundanese culture to create a culture that is distinctive, ie Cirebon culture that is not dominated by Javanese culture and Sundanese culture.
According Sulendraningrat who based the script Babad Tanah Sunda and Atja on Carita Purwaka Caruban Nagari script, Cirebon at first is a small hamlet built by Ki Gedeng Tapa, which eventually evolved into a bustling village and named Caruban (Sundanese: mix), because there mix of immigrants from various ethnic groups, religions, languages, customs, and livelihoods different to reside or trade.
Given the initially most of the people's livelihood as fishermen, then developed the work of fishing and rebon (small shrimp) along the coast as well as making shrimp paste, paste, and salt. From the term used water shrimp paste manufacture (belendrang) from shrimp rebon-suey is developed as rebon (Bahasa Sunda:, water rebon) which later became Cirebon.
With the support of the bustling harbor and natural resources from the hinterland, Cirebon and then became a big city and become one of the important port on the north coast of Java in both the shipping and trading activities on the islands of the archipelago as well as with the rest of the world. In addition, Cirebon grow into the embryo of the center spread of Islam in West Java.
Ki Gedeng Tapa
Ki Gedeng Tapa (or also known as Ki Gedeng Jumajan Jati) was a wealthy merchant in the port Muarajati, Cirebon. He began to open forest and built a thatched hut and a tajug (Jalagrahan) on 1 Shura in 1358 (in Java) to coincide with the year 1445 AD. Since then, begin the settlers began to settle and form a new society in the village Caruban.
Ki Gedeng Reeds
Kuwu or Caruban the first village head appointed by the new society that is the reeds Gedeng Ki. As Pangraksabumi or his deputy, was appointed Raden Walangsungsang, the son of King Siliwangi and Nyi Mas Subanglarang or Subangkranjang, which is none other than the daughter of Ki Gedeng Tapa. After Ki Gedeng Reed's death, which also holds Ki Walangsungsang Cakrabumi kuwu was appointed his successor as the second, with the title of Prince Cakrabuana.
The period of the Sultanate of Cirebon (Pakungwati)
Prince Cakrabuana (.... -1479)
Prince Cakrabuana are descendants Pajajaran. The first son of King Sri Maharaja Baduga Siliwangi from his second wife named SubangLarang (daughter of Ki Gedeng Tapa). His first name was Raden Walangsungsang, after a teenager was known by the name Indiana Jones. He had two brothers mother, and that is Nyai Lara Jones / Syarifah Mudaim and Raden Sangara.
As the eldest child and a man he did not get their right as crown prince Pakuan Pajajaran. This is caused by because he converted to Islam (derived by Subanglarang - his mother), while the time (16th century), the teachings of the majority religion in the Sunda Pajajaran wiwitan (Sundanese ancestral religions), Hinduism and Buddhism. Was replaced by his brother, King Surawisesa, boy King Siliwangi from his third wife Nyai Cantring Manikmayang.
When his grandfather Ki Gedeng Tapa the north coast of Java ruler died, his grandfather Walangsungsang not forward position, but then set up Pakungwati and form a government palace in Cirebon. Thus, considered the first founder of the Sultanate of Cirebon is Walangsungsang or Prince Cakrabuana. Cakrabuana prince, who after pilgrimage to Mecca later called Haji Abdullah Iman, appeared as the "king" who ruled from Cirebon first palace Pakungwati and actively spread the religion of Islam to the people of Cirebon.
Sunan Gunung Jati (1479-1568)
In the year 1479 AD, his position was then replaced his brother's son, Nyai Rarasantang from the marriage with Sharif Abdullah of Egypt, the Sharif Hidayatullah (1448-1568) who after death is known as Sunan Gunung Jati with a degree Tumenggung Sharif Hidayatullah bin Sultan Maulana Muhammad Sharif Abdullah and also holding the title as Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Teak Antique Panetep Panatagama Awlya Kutubid Age Khalifatur Messenger of Allah.
The rapid growth and development in the Sultanate of Cirebon started by Sharif Hidayatullah or Sunan Gunung Jati. Sunan Gunung Jati then believed to be the founder of the dynasty of the kings of the Sultanate of Cirebon and Banten Sultanate and disseminator of Islam in West Java as Majalengka, Brass, Kawali (Galuh), Sunda Kelapa, and Banten. After Sunan Gunung Jati's death, there was a vacancy of the highest leadership of the Islamic kingdom of Cirebon. At first candidate to succeed the Sunan Gunung Jati is Dipati Carbon Prince, Prince Pasarean Son, grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati. But Prince Dipati Carbon died first in 1565.
Fatahillah (1568-1570)
Emptiness power holders were then filled with palace officials confirmed that during the Sunan Gunung Jati perform mission tasks, the government is held by Fatahillah or Fadilah Khan. Fatahillah then took the throne, and ruled Cirebon officially become king since 1568. Fatahillah Cirebon royal throne lasted only two years since he died in 1570, two years after the Sunan Gunung Jati's death and was buried alongside the tomb of Sunan Gunung Jati in Astana Gunung Sembung Jinem Building.
Panembahan Queen I (1570-1649)
After the death of Fatahillah, therefore there is no other appropriate candidate to be king, the throne of the kingdom fell to the grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati is the eldest son of Prince Gold Prince Dipati Carbon or great-grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati. Prince Gold then hold Panembahan Cirebon Queen I and ruled for more than 79 years.
Panembahan Queen II (1649-1677)
After Panembahan Queen I died in 1649, followed by the Cirebon Sultanate rule named his grandson Prince Karim Prince Rasmi or, as the father of Prince Prince Rasmi Seda ing Gayam or Panembahan Adiningkusumah died first. Prince Rasmi then use the name of his deceased father that Panembahan Adiningkusuma which became known also as Panembahan Girilaya or Panembahan Queen II.
Panembahan Girilaya during his reign was sandwiched between two forces of power, the Sultanate of Banten and Mataram Sultanate. Banten, Cirebon is considered suspicious because it is more closer to Mataram (Amangkurat I was in law Panembahan Girilaya). Mataram on the other hand suspect that Cirebon not really get closer, because Panembahan Girilaya and the Sultan of Banten Ageng Tirtayasa is the same descent Pajajaran. This situation culminated with the death of Panembahan Girilaya in Kartasura and arrest of Prince and Prince Kartawijaya Martawijaya in Mataram.
Panembahan Girilaya is the daughter of Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma of the Sultanate of Mataram. His shrine is in Jogjakarta, in Girilaya hill, near the tomb of the king the king of Mataram in Imogiri, Bantul regency. According to several sources in Imogiri and Girilaya, high tomb Panembahan Girilaya is parallel to the tomb of Sultan Agung in Imogiri.
According Sulendraningrat who based the script Babad Tanah Sunda and Atja on Carita Purwaka Caruban Nagari script, Cirebon at first is a small hamlet built by Ki Gedeng Tapa, which eventually evolved into a bustling village and named Caruban (Sundanese: mix), because there mix of immigrants from various ethnic groups, religions, languages, customs, and livelihoods different to reside or trade.
Given the initially most of the people's livelihood as fishermen, then developed the work of fishing and rebon (small shrimp) along the coast as well as making shrimp paste, paste, and salt. From the term used water shrimp paste manufacture (belendrang) from shrimp rebon-suey is developed as rebon (Bahasa Sunda:, water rebon) which later became Cirebon.
With the support of the bustling harbor and natural resources from the hinterland, Cirebon and then became a big city and become one of the important port on the north coast of Java in both the shipping and trading activities on the islands of the archipelago as well as with the rest of the world. In addition, Cirebon grow into the embryo of the center spread of Islam in West Java.
Ki Gedeng Tapa
Ki Gedeng Tapa (or also known as Ki Gedeng Jumajan Jati) was a wealthy merchant in the port Muarajati, Cirebon. He began to open forest and built a thatched hut and a tajug (Jalagrahan) on 1 Shura in 1358 (in Java) to coincide with the year 1445 AD. Since then, begin the settlers began to settle and form a new society in the village Caruban.
Ki Gedeng Reeds
Kuwu or Caruban the first village head appointed by the new society that is the reeds Gedeng Ki. As Pangraksabumi or his deputy, was appointed Raden Walangsungsang, the son of King Siliwangi and Nyi Mas Subanglarang or Subangkranjang, which is none other than the daughter of Ki Gedeng Tapa. After Ki Gedeng Reed's death, which also holds Ki Walangsungsang Cakrabumi kuwu was appointed his successor as the second, with the title of Prince Cakrabuana.
The period of the Sultanate of Cirebon (Pakungwati)
Prince Cakrabuana (.... -1479)
Prince Cakrabuana are descendants Pajajaran. The first son of King Sri Maharaja Baduga Siliwangi from his second wife named SubangLarang (daughter of Ki Gedeng Tapa). His first name was Raden Walangsungsang, after a teenager was known by the name Indiana Jones. He had two brothers mother, and that is Nyai Lara Jones / Syarifah Mudaim and Raden Sangara.
As the eldest child and a man he did not get their right as crown prince Pakuan Pajajaran. This is caused by because he converted to Islam (derived by Subanglarang - his mother), while the time (16th century), the teachings of the majority religion in the Sunda Pajajaran wiwitan (Sundanese ancestral religions), Hinduism and Buddhism. Was replaced by his brother, King Surawisesa, boy King Siliwangi from his third wife Nyai Cantring Manikmayang.
When his grandfather Ki Gedeng Tapa the north coast of Java ruler died, his grandfather Walangsungsang not forward position, but then set up Pakungwati and form a government palace in Cirebon. Thus, considered the first founder of the Sultanate of Cirebon is Walangsungsang or Prince Cakrabuana. Cakrabuana prince, who after pilgrimage to Mecca later called Haji Abdullah Iman, appeared as the "king" who ruled from Cirebon first palace Pakungwati and actively spread the religion of Islam to the people of Cirebon.
Sunan Gunung Jati (1479-1568)
In the year 1479 AD, his position was then replaced his brother's son, Nyai Rarasantang from the marriage with Sharif Abdullah of Egypt, the Sharif Hidayatullah (1448-1568) who after death is known as Sunan Gunung Jati with a degree Tumenggung Sharif Hidayatullah bin Sultan Maulana Muhammad Sharif Abdullah and also holding the title as Ingkang Sinuhun Kangjeng Susuhunan Teak Antique Panetep Panatagama Awlya Kutubid Age Khalifatur Messenger of Allah.
The rapid growth and development in the Sultanate of Cirebon started by Sharif Hidayatullah or Sunan Gunung Jati. Sunan Gunung Jati then believed to be the founder of the dynasty of the kings of the Sultanate of Cirebon and Banten Sultanate and disseminator of Islam in West Java as Majalengka, Brass, Kawali (Galuh), Sunda Kelapa, and Banten. After Sunan Gunung Jati's death, there was a vacancy of the highest leadership of the Islamic kingdom of Cirebon. At first candidate to succeed the Sunan Gunung Jati is Dipati Carbon Prince, Prince Pasarean Son, grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati. But Prince Dipati Carbon died first in 1565.
Fatahillah (1568-1570)
Emptiness power holders were then filled with palace officials confirmed that during the Sunan Gunung Jati perform mission tasks, the government is held by Fatahillah or Fadilah Khan. Fatahillah then took the throne, and ruled Cirebon officially become king since 1568. Fatahillah Cirebon royal throne lasted only two years since he died in 1570, two years after the Sunan Gunung Jati's death and was buried alongside the tomb of Sunan Gunung Jati in Astana Gunung Sembung Jinem Building.
Panembahan Queen I (1570-1649)
After the death of Fatahillah, therefore there is no other appropriate candidate to be king, the throne of the kingdom fell to the grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati is the eldest son of Prince Gold Prince Dipati Carbon or great-grandson of Sunan Gunung Jati. Prince Gold then hold Panembahan Cirebon Queen I and ruled for more than 79 years.
Panembahan Queen II (1649-1677)
After Panembahan Queen I died in 1649, followed by the Cirebon Sultanate rule named his grandson Prince Karim Prince Rasmi or, as the father of Prince Prince Rasmi Seda ing Gayam or Panembahan Adiningkusumah died first. Prince Rasmi then use the name of his deceased father that Panembahan Adiningkusuma which became known also as Panembahan Girilaya or Panembahan Queen II.
Panembahan Girilaya during his reign was sandwiched between two forces of power, the Sultanate of Banten and Mataram Sultanate. Banten, Cirebon is considered suspicious because it is more closer to Mataram (Amangkurat I was in law Panembahan Girilaya). Mataram on the other hand suspect that Cirebon not really get closer, because Panembahan Girilaya and the Sultan of Banten Ageng Tirtayasa is the same descent Pajajaran. This situation culminated with the death of Panembahan Girilaya in Kartasura and arrest of Prince and Prince Kartawijaya Martawijaya in Mataram.
Panembahan Girilaya is the daughter of Sultan Agung Hanyakrakusuma of the Sultanate of Mataram. His shrine is in Jogjakarta, in Girilaya hill, near the tomb of the king the king of Mataram in Imogiri, Bantul regency. According to several sources in Imogiri and Girilaya, high tomb Panembahan Girilaya is parallel to the tomb of Sultan Agung in Imogiri.
Demak Kingdom
Raden Patah names contained in Babab Tanah Jawi (BTJ hereinafter written, compiled during the reign Pakubowono I which became Sunan Mataram until 1719). According to the BTJ, Raden Patah was the son of UB, the last king of Majapahit from an Campa concubine of the country. According to Fiber Kanda, Campa daughter (now including the territory of Cambodia) was married by the UB when UB is still a crown prince before the king of Majapahit. The consort of the King, Queen Dwarawati, feel jealous of Campa's daughter. To avoid the possibility of evil, the king's concubines Campanya UB gave it to his eldest son, namely Arya Damar Regent Palembang. After the birth of Raden Patah, Campa daughter was married Arya Damar, who later gave birth to Raden Frame. In Fibre Kanda Raden Patah Panembahan Jimbun title, and in the BTJ called Senopati Jimbun.
BTJ small name Raden Patah: Jim Bun, a name that is very strong Chinese flavor. The fact that Raden Patah Chinese descent, in this case Campa, reinforced by the Chinese chronicles of Sam Po Kong temple (the temple in Semarang, which was established in honor of Zheng He or Cheng Ho), which according to the chronicles that the name is Jin Bun Raden Patah, son Kung -ta-bu-mi (Chinese spelling for [Bhre] Kertabumi) from Chinese concubines. Kertabumi Bhre own name listed in Pararaton as king of Majapahit. Then the Chinese concubine was given to a Chinese Peranakan named Swan Liong in Palembang. From marriage to the Swan Liong was born a boy named Kin San. Sam Po Kong Chronicle reported that Jin Bun was born in 1455 AD, most likely before Bhre Kertabumi served as the king of Majapahit (he ruled between 1474-1478).
In Banten Sajarah mentioned that the founder of the Sultanate of Demak benama Cu Cu, son of a former prime minister of China who migrated to Java. His grandfather called Check Ko Po. Narrated, Cu Cu serve the Majapahit and succeeded in quelling the rebellion Arya Dilah Regent Palembang. Here there are different coverage between Sajarah Banten with BTJ. BTJ Dilah describe that Arya is the other name Arya Damar, stepfather and adoptive father Raden Patah. According Sajarah Banten, thanks to his services, Cu Cu becomes king of Majapahit in-law and made the Demak regent with the title of Arya Sumangsang. Meanwhile, according to Tome Pires in the Suma Oriental, founder of Demak was the Senior Pate Rodin, the grandson of a citizen in Gresik.
There is also the presence of "daughter Campa", mother and Raden Raden Patah Frame, it is supported by libraries Purwaka Caruban Nagari. According to the script of Cirebon, the original name is Siu Ban Chinese concubine Ci, daughter of the couple and Siu Tan Go Hwat Yo Te from Gresik. Tan Go Hwat itself is a merchant as well as scholars who holds Sheikh Bantong.
Although many versions of the talk about the origins of Raden Patah, but all the manuscripts and chronicles it is agreed that the founder of the Sultanate of Demak, it has to do with four names: Majapahit, Palembang, China, and Gresik.
According to the BTJ and Fiber Kanda, Raden Patah was born in Palembang in 1455 AD by Prince Jimbun name-a name or a Chinese dialect. For 20 years, living at the residence of dukes Jimbun Majapahit in Palembang, Arya Damar. After growing up, Jimbun back to the Majapahit. By her parents, Raden Patah sent to Raden Rahmat or Sunan Ngampel (Ampel) Denta in Surabaya to study Islam. He studied Islamic education with the disciples of Sunan Ampel others: Raden Paku (Sunan Giri), Maulana Ibrahim (Sunan Bonang), and Raden Qasim (Sunan Degrees).
Raden Patah married to the grandson of Raden Rahmat, Nyi Ageng Maloka. Subsequently he was entrusted to spread Islam in the Village Bintoro with accompaniment by Arya Dilah (Ki Dilah), accompanied by 200 troops.
According to Lombard (2008, 44), Raden Patah was the founder of a trade office in Demak, a port on the coast of Java crowded merchant ships, in the septum of Mount Muria. He came from China, first settled in Gresik, then moved to Demak.
According to Tome Pires who stopped at the port of Demak, Demak has up to 40 junks and have expanded authority to Palembang, Jambi, "Menamby islands and numerous other islands in front of Tanjung Pura", namely the Pacific (where there are mountains Menumbing) and Belitung. It was in Demak contained no less than "eight to ten thousand homes" and the land surrounding rice menghasillkan abound, partly for export to Malacca.
According to the Portuguese explorers, Demak (and Apex) is famous for its shipyards, ship yard. The ships made from teak wood which usually grow in coastal areas of Central and East Java that time. Demak is also surrounded by several cities and ports where large commercial happen: Juwana, Pati, Rembang, Jepara and Semarang (which when it ranges from about 3,000 head of population).
BTJ small name Raden Patah: Jim Bun, a name that is very strong Chinese flavor. The fact that Raden Patah Chinese descent, in this case Campa, reinforced by the Chinese chronicles of Sam Po Kong temple (the temple in Semarang, which was established in honor of Zheng He or Cheng Ho), which according to the chronicles that the name is Jin Bun Raden Patah, son Kung -ta-bu-mi (Chinese spelling for [Bhre] Kertabumi) from Chinese concubines. Kertabumi Bhre own name listed in Pararaton as king of Majapahit. Then the Chinese concubine was given to a Chinese Peranakan named Swan Liong in Palembang. From marriage to the Swan Liong was born a boy named Kin San. Sam Po Kong Chronicle reported that Jin Bun was born in 1455 AD, most likely before Bhre Kertabumi served as the king of Majapahit (he ruled between 1474-1478).
In Banten Sajarah mentioned that the founder of the Sultanate of Demak benama Cu Cu, son of a former prime minister of China who migrated to Java. His grandfather called Check Ko Po. Narrated, Cu Cu serve the Majapahit and succeeded in quelling the rebellion Arya Dilah Regent Palembang. Here there are different coverage between Sajarah Banten with BTJ. BTJ Dilah describe that Arya is the other name Arya Damar, stepfather and adoptive father Raden Patah. According Sajarah Banten, thanks to his services, Cu Cu becomes king of Majapahit in-law and made the Demak regent with the title of Arya Sumangsang. Meanwhile, according to Tome Pires in the Suma Oriental, founder of Demak was the Senior Pate Rodin, the grandson of a citizen in Gresik.
There is also the presence of "daughter Campa", mother and Raden Raden Patah Frame, it is supported by libraries Purwaka Caruban Nagari. According to the script of Cirebon, the original name is Siu Ban Chinese concubine Ci, daughter of the couple and Siu Tan Go Hwat Yo Te from Gresik. Tan Go Hwat itself is a merchant as well as scholars who holds Sheikh Bantong.
Although many versions of the talk about the origins of Raden Patah, but all the manuscripts and chronicles it is agreed that the founder of the Sultanate of Demak, it has to do with four names: Majapahit, Palembang, China, and Gresik.
According to the BTJ and Fiber Kanda, Raden Patah was born in Palembang in 1455 AD by Prince Jimbun name-a name or a Chinese dialect. For 20 years, living at the residence of dukes Jimbun Majapahit in Palembang, Arya Damar. After growing up, Jimbun back to the Majapahit. By her parents, Raden Patah sent to Raden Rahmat or Sunan Ngampel (Ampel) Denta in Surabaya to study Islam. He studied Islamic education with the disciples of Sunan Ampel others: Raden Paku (Sunan Giri), Maulana Ibrahim (Sunan Bonang), and Raden Qasim (Sunan Degrees).
Raden Patah married to the grandson of Raden Rahmat, Nyi Ageng Maloka. Subsequently he was entrusted to spread Islam in the Village Bintoro with accompaniment by Arya Dilah (Ki Dilah), accompanied by 200 troops.
According to Lombard (2008, 44), Raden Patah was the founder of a trade office in Demak, a port on the coast of Java crowded merchant ships, in the septum of Mount Muria. He came from China, first settled in Gresik, then moved to Demak.
According to Tome Pires who stopped at the port of Demak, Demak has up to 40 junks and have expanded authority to Palembang, Jambi, "Menamby islands and numerous other islands in front of Tanjung Pura", namely the Pacific (where there are mountains Menumbing) and Belitung. It was in Demak contained no less than "eight to ten thousand homes" and the land surrounding rice menghasillkan abound, partly for export to Malacca.
According to the Portuguese explorers, Demak (and Apex) is famous for its shipyards, ship yard. The ships made from teak wood which usually grow in coastal areas of Central and East Java that time. Demak is also surrounded by several cities and ports where large commercial happen: Juwana, Pati, Rembang, Jepara and Semarang (which when it ranges from about 3,000 head of population).
Banten Kingdom
Banten Kingdom
Initially Banten is one of the port of Sunda kingdom. This port was taken in 1525 by a combination of army Demak and Cirebon. Once this area was conquered pre-Islamic heritage by Sunan Gunung Jati. Ports are also controlled by other Sunda is Sunda Kelapa Demak, Demak dominated 1527, and renamed as the White Rose.
Political Life
The development of the kingdom of Banten is inseparable from the role of the kings who reigned in the kingdom. To solidify your understanding of the kings who ruled in Banten, check out the genealogy of the kings of the following Banten.
Genealogy of the Kings until the Sultan Agung Banten Tirtayasa
- Sultan hasanuddin (1552 - 1570)
- Maulana yusuf (1570 - 1580)
- Maulana muhammad (1580 - 1596)
- Sultan abulmufaki (1596 - 1640)
- Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (1651 - 1672)
After you listen to the genealogy of the kings of Banten, which you need to know that in its political development, in addition to Banten seeking to escape the power of Demak, Banten is also trying to expand his territory among others Pajajaran. With Pajajaran mastered, then the entire region of West Java under the authority of Banten. This happened in the reign of King Panembahan Joseph.
In the reign of Maulana Muhammad, extension forwarded to Sumatra, Banten region that is trying to master the areas that generate a lot of pepper, such as Lampung, Bengkulu and Palembang. Lampung and Bengkulu Banten can be mastered but Kilkenny have failed, even Maulana Muhammad died during the attack on the Palembang.
By mastering important ports in West Java and several regions in Sumatera, Banten increasingly crowded then the kingdom to trade, even developing a maritime empire. This happened in the reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Reign of Sultan Ageng, Banten Banten golden peaked a trading center that was visited by various nations such as Arabic, Chinese, Indian, Portuguese and even Dutch.
The Dutch at first came to Indonesia, in Banten landed in 1596 but due to arrogance, then the Dutch merchants could be expelled from the Banten and settled in White Rose.
At the White Rose, The Netherlands established trading partnership in 1602. Of course the trade name of partnership, not something foreign to you, for that write the names of the trade partnership in the Indonesian language at points below.
You ask the teacher coached you, then you can refer to the following description of the material.
In addition to establishing VOC fort in the White Rose finally settled and changed the name of Jayakarta into Batavia in 1619, so the position of the VOC in Batavia stronger. The existence of Dutch power in Batavia, Banten became rivals for the trade. Competition is then transformed into political opposition, so the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa very anti to the VOC. In order to face the Dutch / VOC, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa ordered a guerrilla war and robbery against the Dutch in Batavia. As a result of such action, the Netherlands became overwhelmed by the Banten. To deal with the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa action, the Dutch political race-sheep (Divide et impera) between Sultan Ageng with her son namely Sultan Haji. As a result of the political fights of the flock, the civil war in Banten, so the Dutch can intervene in the civil war. The Netherlands sided with Sultan Haji, who eventually civil war was won by the Sultan Haji. With the victory of Haji Sultan, the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa captured and imprisoned in Batavia until his death in 1692. The impact of VOC help against the Sultan of Banten Haji then have to pay expensive, in which the Sultan Haji must sign an agreement with the VOC in 1684. The agreement is very burdensome and detrimental to the kingdom of Banten, Banten, loss of control so that its free trade, because the Dutch had monopolized trade in Banten. The greatest result was the destruction of the kingdom of Banten itself because VOC / Dutch regulate and control the power of the king of Banten. Kings Banten since then functioning as a doll.
Thus the description of material about the political life of the kingdom of Banten. From the description, do you understand? If you already know, check out the description of matter further.
Banten Kingdom
Initially Banten is one of the port of Sunda kingdom. This port was taken in 1525 by a combination of army Demak and Cirebon. Once this area was conquered pre-Islamic heritage by Sunan Gunung Jati. Ports are also controlled by other Sunda is Sunda Kelapa Demak, Demak dominated 1527, and renamed as the White Rose.
Political Life
The development of the kingdom of Banten is inseparable from the role of the kings who reigned in the kingdom. To solidify your understanding of the kings who ruled in Banten, check out the genealogy of the kings of the following Banten.
Genealogy of the Kings until the Sultan Agung Banten Tirtayasa
After you listen to the genealogy of the kings of Banten, which you need to know that in its political development, in addition to Banten seeking to escape the power of Demak, Banten is also trying to expand his territory among others Pajajaran. With Pajajaran mastered, then the entire region of West Java under the authority of Banten. This happened in the reign of King Panembahan Joseph.
In the reign of Maulana Muhammad, extension forwarded to Sumatra, Banten region that is trying to master the areas that generate a lot of pepper, such as Lampung, Bengkulu and Palembang. Lampung and Bengkulu Banten can be mastered but Kilkenny have failed, even Maulana Muhammad died during the attack on the Palembang.
By mastering important ports in West Java and several regions in Sumatera, Banten increasingly crowded then the kingdom to trade, even developing a maritime empire. This happened in the reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Reign of Sultan Ageng, Banten Banten golden peaked a trading center that was visited by various nations such as Arabic, Chinese, Indian, Portuguese and even Dutch.
The Dutch at first came to Indonesia, in Banten landed in 1596 but due to arrogance, then the Dutch merchants could be expelled from Banten and settled in White Rose.
At the White Rose, The Netherlands established trading partnership in 1602. Of course the trade name of partnership, not something foreign to you, for that write the names of the trade partnership in the Indonesian language at points below.
Initially Banten is one of the port of Sunda kingdom. This port was taken in 1525 by a combination of army Demak and Cirebon. Once this area was conquered pre-Islamic heritage by Sunan Gunung Jati. Ports are also controlled by other Sunda is Sunda Kelapa Demak, Demak dominated 1527, and renamed as the White Rose.
Political Life
The development of the kingdom of Banten is inseparable from the role of the kings who reigned in the kingdom. To solidify your understanding of the kings who ruled in Banten, check out the genealogy of the kings of the following Banten.
Genealogy of the Kings until the Sultan Agung Banten Tirtayasa
- Sultan hasanuddin (1552 - 1570)
- Maulana yusuf (1570 - 1580)
- Maulana muhammad (1580 - 1596)
- Sultan abulmufaki (1596 - 1640)
- Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa (1651 - 1672)
After you listen to the genealogy of the kings of Banten, which you need to know that in its political development, in addition to Banten seeking to escape the power of Demak, Banten is also trying to expand his territory among others Pajajaran. With Pajajaran mastered, then the entire region of West Java under the authority of Banten. This happened in the reign of King Panembahan Joseph.
In the reign of Maulana Muhammad, extension forwarded to Sumatra, Banten region that is trying to master the areas that generate a lot of pepper, such as Lampung, Bengkulu and Palembang. Lampung and Bengkulu Banten can be mastered but Kilkenny have failed, even Maulana Muhammad died during the attack on the Palembang.
By mastering important ports in West Java and several regions in Sumatera, Banten increasingly crowded then the kingdom to trade, even developing a maritime empire. This happened in the reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Reign of Sultan Ageng, Banten Banten golden peaked a trading center that was visited by various nations such as Arabic, Chinese, Indian, Portuguese and even Dutch.
The Dutch at first came to Indonesia, in Banten landed in 1596 but due to arrogance, then the Dutch merchants could be expelled from the Banten and settled in White Rose.
At the White Rose, The Netherlands established trading partnership in 1602. Of course the trade name of partnership, not something foreign to you, for that write the names of the trade partnership in the Indonesian language at points below.
You ask the teacher coached you, then you can refer to the following description of the material.
In addition to establishing VOC fort in the White Rose finally settled and changed the name of Jayakarta into Batavia in 1619, so the position of the VOC in Batavia stronger. The existence of Dutch power in Batavia, Banten became rivals for the trade. Competition is then transformed into political opposition, so the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa very anti to the VOC. In order to face the Dutch / VOC, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa ordered a guerrilla war and robbery against the Dutch in Batavia. As a result of such action, the Netherlands became overwhelmed by the Banten. To deal with the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa action, the Dutch political race-sheep (Divide et impera) between Sultan Ageng with her son namely Sultan Haji. As a result of the political fights of the flock, the civil war in Banten, so the Dutch can intervene in the civil war. The Netherlands sided with Sultan Haji, who eventually civil war was won by the Sultan Haji. With the victory of Haji Sultan, the Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa captured and imprisoned in Batavia until his death in 1692. The impact of VOC help against the Sultan of Banten Haji then have to pay expensive, in which the Sultan Haji must sign an agreement with the VOC in 1684. The agreement is very burdensome and detrimental to the kingdom of Banten, Banten, loss of control so that its free trade, because the Dutch had monopolized trade in Banten. The greatest result was the destruction of the kingdom of Banten itself because VOC / Dutch regulate and control the power of the king of Banten. Kings Banten since then functioning as a doll.
Thus the description of material about the political life of the kingdom of Banten. From the description, do you understand? If you already know, check out the description of matter further.
Banten Kingdom
Initially Banten is one of the port of Sunda kingdom. This port was taken in 1525 by a combination of army Demak and Cirebon. Once this area was conquered pre-Islamic heritage by Sunan Gunung Jati. Ports are also controlled by other Sunda is Sunda Kelapa Demak, Demak dominated 1527, and renamed as the White Rose.
Political Life
The development of the kingdom of Banten is inseparable from the role of the kings who reigned in the kingdom. To solidify your understanding of the kings who ruled in Banten, check out the genealogy of the kings of the following Banten.
Genealogy of the Kings until the Sultan Agung Banten Tirtayasa
After you listen to the genealogy of the kings of Banten, which you need to know that in its political development, in addition to Banten seeking to escape the power of Demak, Banten is also trying to expand his territory among others Pajajaran. With Pajajaran mastered, then the entire region of West Java under the authority of Banten. This happened in the reign of King Panembahan Joseph.
In the reign of Maulana Muhammad, extension forwarded to Sumatra, Banten region that is trying to master the areas that generate a lot of pepper, such as Lampung, Bengkulu and Palembang. Lampung and Bengkulu Banten can be mastered but Kilkenny have failed, even Maulana Muhammad died during the attack on the Palembang.
By mastering important ports in West Java and several regions in Sumatera, Banten increasingly crowded then the kingdom to trade, even developing a maritime empire. This happened in the reign of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa. Reign of Sultan Ageng, Banten Banten golden peaked a trading center that was visited by various nations such as Arabic, Chinese, Indian, Portuguese and even Dutch.
The Dutch at first came to Indonesia, in Banten landed in 1596 but due to arrogance, then the Dutch merchants could be expelled from Banten and settled in White Rose.
At the White Rose, The Netherlands established trading partnership in 1602. Of course the trade name of partnership, not something foreign to you, for that write the names of the trade partnership in the Indonesian language at points below.
Majapahit Kingdom
After Singhasari drove Srivijaya of Java as a whole in the year 1290, Singhasari become the most powerful empire in the region. This is a concern Kublai Khan, ruler of the Yuan Dynasty in China. He sent a messenger named Meng Chi to Singhasari who demanded tribute. Kertanagara, the last ruler of the kingdom Singhasari refused to pay tribute and
messenger with damage to embarrass her face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatch ekspedisibesar to Java in 1293.
At that time, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, was killed Kertanagara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is taken from maja fruit, and a sense of "bitterness" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongolian army to fight against Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turns against ally Mongolnya thus forcing them pull back its troops home as chaotic as they are in foreign territory. It was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds for to go home, or they should be forced to wait six more months on a foreign island. The exact date is used as date of birth of the Majapahit kingdom Raden Wijaya was the day of the coronation as king, which is on 10 November 1293. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing problems. Some people trusted Katarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was not successful. Slamet Muljana suspect that Mahapatih Halayudha who conspiring to overthrow the king trusted everybody, so he can reach the highest positions in government. But after the death of the last rebels (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and jailed, and then sentenced to death. Wijaya died in 1309. Son and successor Wijaya, Jayanegara, is the master of evil and immoral. He was called Kala Gemet, which means "weak villain". In 1328, Jayanegara killed by tabibnya, Tanca. His stepmother is Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become a priestess. Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoint his daughter to become queen of Majapahit. During the reign Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom developed into larger and more famous in the area. Tribhuwana master Majapahit until her death in 1350. He continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk. Hayam Wuruk glory of Majapahit, also called Rajasanagara, Majapahit ruled from 1350 until 1389. At the time of Majapahit reached top glory with the help mahapatihnya, Gajah Mada. Under the command of Gajah Mada University (1313-1364), Majapahit ruled over more territory. In 1377, several years after the death of Gajah Mada, Majapahit launched a sea attack to Palembang, causing the collapse of the remnants of the kingdom of Srivijaya. According Kakawin Nagarakretagama stanza XIII-XV, Majapahit territory includes Sumatra, Peninsular Malaya, Borneo, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara islands, Maluku, Papua, and some islands of the Philippines. However, the limits of nature and the economy showed that the areas of power does not appear to be under centralized rule of Majapahit, but connected to each other by a trade that might be monopolized by the king. Majapahit also has a relationship with Campa, Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, and Vietnam, and even send-dutanya ambassador to China. After the fall of Majapahit reached its peak in the 14th century, Majapahit power gradually weakened. It seems that civil war (War Paregreg) in 1405-1406, between Wirabhumi against Wikramawardhana. Similarly, there has been the turn of the king who dipertengkarkan in 1450 - an, and the great rebellion waged by a nobleman in 1468. In Javanese tradition there is a kronogram or candrasengkala which reads vanished ilang kretaning earth. Sengkala was reputedly is the year end of Majapahit and should be read as 0041, namely Saka 1400, or 1478 AD. Sengkala meaning is "prosperity vanished away out of the earth". However, the truth is illustrated by the death of Bre candrasengkala Kertabumi, the 11th king of Majapahit, by Girindrawardhana. When Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and the propagator of religion had begun entering the archipelago. At the end of the 14th century and early 15th century, Majapahit influence throughout the archipelago began to decrease. At the same time, a new trading empire based on Islam, the Sultanate of Malacca, began appearing in the western part of the archipelago. Note the history of Chinese, Portuguese (Tome Pires), and Italy (Pigafetta) indicates that there has been transfer of power from the hands of the Hindu ruler of Majapahit into the hands of the Duke of Unus, the ruler of the Sultanate of Demak, between the years 1518 and 1521 AD
messenger with damage to embarrass her face and cut off his ear. Kublai Khan was angry and then dispatch ekspedisibesar to Java in 1293.
At that time, Jayakatwang, duke of Kediri, was killed Kertanagara. On the advice of Aria Wiraraja, Jayakatwang give forgiveness to Raden Wijaya, Kertanegara law, who came to surrender. Raden Wijaya then given Pull forest. He opened the forest and build a new village. The village was named Majapahit, whose name is taken from maja fruit, and a sense of "bitterness" of the fruit. When the Mongols arrived, Wijaya allied with the Mongolian army to fight against Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya turns against ally Mongolnya thus forcing them pull back its troops home as chaotic as they are in foreign territory. It was also their last chance to catch the monsoon winds for to go home, or they should be forced to wait six more months on a foreign island. The exact date is used as date of birth of the Majapahit kingdom Raden Wijaya was the day of the coronation as king, which is on 10 November 1293. He was crowned with the official name Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. The kingdom was facing problems. Some people trusted Katarajasa, including Ranggalawe, Sora, and Nambi rebelled against him, although the rebellion was not successful. Slamet Muljana suspect that Mahapatih Halayudha who conspiring to overthrow the king trusted everybody, so he can reach the highest positions in government. But after the death of the last rebels (Kuti), Halayudha arrested and jailed, and then sentenced to death. Wijaya died in 1309. Son and successor Wijaya, Jayanegara, is the master of evil and immoral. He was called Kala Gemet, which means "weak villain". In 1328, Jayanegara killed by tabibnya, Tanca. His stepmother is Gayatri Rajapatni should replace him, but Rajapatni chose to resign from the palace and become a priestess. Rajapatni Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi appoint his daughter to become queen of Majapahit. During the reign Tribhuwana, Majapahit kingdom developed into larger and more famous in the area. Tribhuwana master Majapahit until her death in 1350. He continued by his son, Hayam Wuruk. Hayam Wuruk glory of Majapahit, also called Rajasanagara, Majapahit ruled from 1350 until 1389. At the time of Majapahit reached top glory with the help mahapatihnya, Gajah Mada. Under the command of Gajah Mada University (1313-1364), Majapahit ruled over more territory. In 1377, several years after the death of Gajah Mada, Majapahit launched a sea attack to Palembang, causing the collapse of the remnants of the kingdom of Srivijaya. According Kakawin Nagarakretagama stanza XIII-XV, Majapahit territory includes Sumatra, Peninsular Malaya, Borneo, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara islands, Maluku, Papua, and some islands of the Philippines. However, the limits of nature and the economy showed that the areas of power does not appear to be under centralized rule of Majapahit, but connected to each other by a trade that might be monopolized by the king. Majapahit also has a relationship with Campa, Cambodia, Siam, southern Burma, and Vietnam, and even send-dutanya ambassador to China. After the fall of Majapahit reached its peak in the 14th century, Majapahit power gradually weakened. It seems that civil war (War Paregreg) in 1405-1406, between Wirabhumi against Wikramawardhana. Similarly, there has been the turn of the king who dipertengkarkan in 1450 - an, and the great rebellion waged by a nobleman in 1468. In Javanese tradition there is a kronogram or candrasengkala which reads vanished ilang kretaning earth. Sengkala was reputedly is the year end of Majapahit and should be read as 0041, namely Saka 1400, or 1478 AD. Sengkala meaning is "prosperity vanished away out of the earth". However, the truth is illustrated by the death of Bre candrasengkala Kertabumi, the 11th king of Majapahit, by Girindrawardhana. When Majapahit was founded, Muslim traders and the propagator of religion had begun entering the archipelago. At the end of the 14th century and early 15th century, Majapahit influence throughout the archipelago began to decrease. At the same time, a new trading empire based on Islam, the Sultanate of Malacca, began appearing in the western part of the archipelago. Note the history of Chinese, Portuguese (Tome Pires), and Italy (Pigafetta) indicates that there has been transfer of power from the hands of the Hindu ruler of Majapahit into the hands of the Duke of Unus, the ruler of the Sultanate of Demak, between the years 1518 and 1521 AD
Pajajaran Kingdom
Pajajaran Kingdom is another name of the Kingdom of Sunda kingdom as its capital in the city Pajajaran or Pakuan Pajajaran (Bogor) in West Java. The word itself comes from the word Pakuan Pakuwuan which means city. In the past, in Southeast Asia have a custom name of the kingdom with its capital name. Some records say that the kingdom was founded in 923 by Sri Jayabhupati, as mentioned in the inscription Sanghyang Tread.
From historical records available, both from the inscriptions, ancient manuscripts, and records of foreign nations, it can be traced traces of this kingdom; among others about the kingdom and the capital Pakuan Pajajaran. Concerning the Kingdom of Sunda kings who ruled from the capital Pakuan Pajajaran, there are sequence differences between the manuscripts Chronicle Pajajaran, Carita Parahiangan, and Carita Waruga Teacher.
In addition to manuscripts chronicle, the Kingdom Pajajaran also left some traces of relics from the past, such as:
* Inscription Slate, Bogor
* Inscription Sanghyang Tread, Sukabumi
* Inscription Kawali, Ciamis
* Monument Portuguese Treaty (padraõ), Kampung Tugu, Jakarta
* Garden of hunting, which is now the Bogor Botanical Gardens.
Pajajaran Kingdom collapsed in 1579 due to attacks Sunda kingdom, namely, the Sultanate of Banten. The end of the era was marked by diboyongnya Palangka Pajajaran Sriman Sriwacana (singgahsana king), from Pakuan Pajajaran to Sultan Surosowan in Maulana Yusuf Banten by troops.
200x160x20 cm-sized stones were brought to the Banten because political tradition for at Pakuan Pajajaran no longer possible for the new king was crowned, and indicates Maulana Yusuf is the legitimate successor of the Sunda power because great-daughter is a daughter of Maharaja Sri Baduga. Sriman Palangka Sriwacana is currently to be found in front of the former Palace of Surosowan in Banten. Community Banten called Watu Gilang, means shiny or glow, synonymous with the word Sriman.
It was estimated that there are a number of palace courtier who left the palace and settled in the area of Lebak. They apply the ways of life mandala strict, and now they are known as the Bedouin.
From historical records available, both from the inscriptions, ancient manuscripts, and records of foreign nations, it can be traced traces of this kingdom; among others about the kingdom and the capital Pakuan Pajajaran. Concerning the Kingdom of Sunda kings who ruled from the capital Pakuan Pajajaran, there are sequence differences between the manuscripts Chronicle Pajajaran, Carita Parahiangan, and Carita Waruga Teacher.
In addition to manuscripts chronicle, the Kingdom Pajajaran also left some traces of relics from the past, such as:
* Inscription Slate, Bogor
* Inscription Sanghyang Tread, Sukabumi
* Inscription Kawali, Ciamis
* Monument Portuguese Treaty (padraõ), Kampung Tugu, Jakarta
* Garden of hunting, which is now the Bogor Botanical Gardens.
Pajajaran Kingdom collapsed in 1579 due to attacks Sunda kingdom, namely, the Sultanate of Banten. The end of the era was marked by diboyongnya Palangka Pajajaran Sriman Sriwacana (singgahsana king), from Pakuan Pajajaran to Sultan Surosowan in Maulana Yusuf Banten by troops.
200x160x20 cm-sized stones were brought to the Banten because political tradition for at Pakuan Pajajaran no longer possible for the new king was crowned, and indicates Maulana Yusuf is the legitimate successor of the Sunda power because great-daughter is a daughter of Maharaja Sri Baduga. Sriman Palangka Sriwacana is currently to be found in front of the former Palace of Surosowan in Banten. Community Banten called Watu Gilang, means shiny or glow, synonymous with the word Sriman.
It was estimated that there are a number of palace courtier who left the palace and settled in the area of Lebak. They apply the ways of life mandala strict, and now they are known as the Bedouin.
Singasari Kingdom
The sources that mention of the royal inscriptions Mulamalurung Singhasari among others. This inscription issued by Vishal Ward Singhasari king whose contents mention gifts in the village of Dandea Malurung by Vishal Ward to Pranaraja. Also mentioned arrangement of the king in the kingdom Singasari.
Ken Arok (1222-1227)
Founder of the Kingdom of Singasari is Ken Arok who became king with the title of Sri Ranggah Singasari Rajasa The Amurwabumi. The emergence of Ken Arok as the first king Singasari mark the emergence of a new dynasty, the dynasty Rajasa (Rajasawangsa) or Girindra (Girindrawangsa).
Ken Arok only ruled for five years (1222-1227). In 1227 Ken Arok killed by a messenger Anusapati (Ken Arok's stepson). Ken Arok was buried in Kegenengan in building Shiva-Buddha
Anusapati (1227-1248).
With the death of Ken Arok, the throne of the kingdom fell into the hands Anusapati Singasari. In the long term pemerintahaannya, Anusapati not do a lot of updates because of late with pleasure cock fight.
The death of Ken Arok eventually uncovered and until well into Tohjoyo (son of Ken Arok with Ken Umang). Tohjoyo know that likes to fight chickens so Anusapati Anusapati invited to Gedong Soul (where the residence Tohjoyo) to throw a party cockfighting. At the time the complaint Anusapati fun watching the chicken, all of a sudden Tohjoyo menyabut artificial kris Gandring professor was carrying and immediately stabbed Anusapati. Thus, the didharmakan Anusapati died there in the Temple Kidal.
Tohjoyo (1248)
With the death Singasari Anusapati the throne held by Tohjoyo. However, Tohjoyo Singasari no longer ruled the kingdom for the son named Anusapati Ranggawuni trying avenge the death of his father. With the help Mahesa Cempaka and his followers, succeeded in overthrowing Tohjoyo Ranggawuni and then occupied the throne.
Ranggawuni (1248-1268)
Ranggawuni Singasari Kingdom throne in 1248 with a degree in Sri Jaya Wisnuwardana by Mahesa Cempaka (son of Mahesa Wongateleng) which was given the position as queen angabhaya with Narasinghamurti title. Ppemerintahan Ranggawuni bring peace and prosperity of the people Singasari.
In 1254, Wisnuwardana raised her son by the name Kertanegara as yuwaraja (viceroy) in order to prepare a great king in the Kingdom Singasari. In 1268 Wisnuwardanameninggal world and didharmakan in Jajaghu or Jago Temple and the Temple Buddhist Amogapasa Waleri as Shiva.
Kertanegara (1268 - 1292)
Kertanegara is the last and largest of King Singasari because it has aspirations to unite the whole archipelago. He ascended the throne in 1268 with the title Sri Sri Kertanegara Maharajadiraja. In his reign, he was assisted by three mahamentri, namely mahamentri i hino, mahamentri i Halu, and mahamenteri i sirikan. In order to realize the idea of unification of the archipelago, he replaced the conservative officials with new ones, such as Patih Raganata replaced by Patih Aragani. Many Wide made Regent in Sumenep (Madura) with a degree Aria Wiaraja.
After Java can be resolved, then directed attention to other areas. Kertanegara sent representatives to the Malays, known by the name of the successful 1275 expedition Pamalayu mastering Malay Kingdom. It is characterized by pengirimkan Arca Amogapasa to the Calendar on the orders of King Kertanegara. In addition to mastering Malay, also conquered Singasari Pahang, Sundanese, Balinese, Bakulapura (West Kalimantan), and Desert (Maluku). Kertanegara also maintains friendly relations with the king of Champa, in order to retain power perluasaan Kublai Khan of the Mongol Dynasty.
Kublai Khan demanded the kings of the southern region, including Indonesia, to admit as a lordship. Kertanegara refused to injure nuka envoy named Mengki. Kertanegara act of Kublai Khan made a big upset and intends to punish by sending troops into Java.
Knowing most of Singasari troops sent to deal with the Mongol invasion Jayakatwang (FC) using the opportunity to attack him. Dilancarakan attack from two directions, namely from the north is an inducement and troops from the south is the core force.
Kediri troops from the south led by the Jayakatwang and successfully entered the palace and found Kertanagera partying with the princes palace. Kertanaga and palace chiefs were killed in the attack.
Ardharaja turned to his father's side (Jayakatwang), while Raden Wijaya managed to escape and headed Madura for the purpose sought refuge and assistance to Aria Wiraraja. The assistance Aria Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya get forgiveness and to serve the Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya was given a piece of land called the Land of Pull by Jayakatwang to be occupied.
With the death of the Kingdom of Singasari Kertanegara controlled by Jayakatwang. This means the end of the rule of the Kingdom Singasari. In accordance with their religion and Kertanegara then didharmakan as Shiva - Buddha (Bairawa) at Temple Singasari. Arca manifestation known as Joko Dolog are now located in Taman Simpang, Surabaya.
Ken Arok (1222-1227)
Founder of the Kingdom of Singasari is Ken Arok who became king with the title of Sri Ranggah Singasari Rajasa The Amurwabumi. The emergence of Ken Arok as the first king Singasari mark the emergence of a new dynasty, the dynasty Rajasa (Rajasawangsa) or Girindra (Girindrawangsa).
Ken Arok only ruled for five years (1222-1227). In 1227 Ken Arok killed by a messenger Anusapati (Ken Arok's stepson). Ken Arok was buried in Kegenengan in building Shiva-Buddha
Anusapati (1227-1248).
With the death of Ken Arok, the throne of the kingdom fell into the hands Anusapati Singasari. In the long term pemerintahaannya, Anusapati not do a lot of updates because of late with pleasure cock fight.
The death of Ken Arok eventually uncovered and until well into Tohjoyo (son of Ken Arok with Ken Umang). Tohjoyo know that likes to fight chickens so Anusapati Anusapati invited to Gedong Soul (where the residence Tohjoyo) to throw a party cockfighting. At the time the complaint Anusapati fun watching the chicken, all of a sudden Tohjoyo menyabut artificial kris Gandring professor was carrying and immediately stabbed Anusapati. Thus, the didharmakan Anusapati died there in the Temple Kidal.
Tohjoyo (1248)
With the death Singasari Anusapati the throne held by Tohjoyo. However, Tohjoyo Singasari no longer ruled the kingdom for the son named Anusapati Ranggawuni trying avenge the death of his father. With the help Mahesa Cempaka and his followers, succeeded in overthrowing Tohjoyo Ranggawuni and then occupied the throne.
Ranggawuni (1248-1268)
Ranggawuni Singasari Kingdom throne in 1248 with a degree in Sri Jaya Wisnuwardana by Mahesa Cempaka (son of Mahesa Wongateleng) which was given the position as queen angabhaya with Narasinghamurti title. Ppemerintahan Ranggawuni bring peace and prosperity of the people Singasari.
In 1254, Wisnuwardana raised her son by the name Kertanegara as yuwaraja (viceroy) in order to prepare a great king in the Kingdom Singasari. In 1268 Wisnuwardanameninggal world and didharmakan in Jajaghu or Jago Temple and the Temple Buddhist Amogapasa Waleri as Shiva.
Kertanegara (1268 - 1292)
Kertanegara is the last and largest of King Singasari because it has aspirations to unite the whole archipelago. He ascended the throne in 1268 with the title Sri Sri Kertanegara Maharajadiraja. In his reign, he was assisted by three mahamentri, namely mahamentri i hino, mahamentri i Halu, and mahamenteri i sirikan. In order to realize the idea of unification of the archipelago, he replaced the conservative officials with new ones, such as Patih Raganata replaced by Patih Aragani. Many Wide made Regent in Sumenep (Madura) with a degree Aria Wiaraja.
After Java can be resolved, then directed attention to other areas. Kertanegara sent representatives to the Malays, known by the name of the successful 1275 expedition Pamalayu mastering Malay Kingdom. It is characterized by pengirimkan Arca Amogapasa to the Calendar on the orders of King Kertanegara. In addition to mastering Malay, also conquered Singasari Pahang, Sundanese, Balinese, Bakulapura (West Kalimantan), and Desert (Maluku). Kertanegara also maintains friendly relations with the king of Champa, in order to retain power perluasaan Kublai Khan of the Mongol Dynasty.
Kublai Khan demanded the kings of the southern region, including Indonesia, to admit as a lordship. Kertanegara refused to injure nuka envoy named Mengki. Kertanegara act of Kublai Khan made a big upset and intends to punish by sending troops into Java.
Knowing most of Singasari troops sent to deal with the Mongol invasion Jayakatwang (FC) using the opportunity to attack him. Dilancarakan attack from two directions, namely from the north is an inducement and troops from the south is the core force.
Kediri troops from the south led by the Jayakatwang and successfully entered the palace and found Kertanagera partying with the princes palace. Kertanaga and palace chiefs were killed in the attack.
Ardharaja turned to his father's side (Jayakatwang), while Raden Wijaya managed to escape and headed Madura for the purpose sought refuge and assistance to Aria Wiraraja. The assistance Aria Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya get forgiveness and to serve the Jayakatwang. Raden Wijaya was given a piece of land called the Land of Pull by Jayakatwang to be occupied.
With the death of the Kingdom of Singasari Kertanegara controlled by Jayakatwang. This means the end of the rule of the Kingdom Singasari. In accordance with their religion and Kertanegara then didharmakan as Shiva - Buddha (Bairawa) at Temple Singasari. Arca manifestation known as Joko Dolog are now located in Taman Simpang, Surabaya.
Kediri Kingdom
The establishment of the kingdom of Kediri
The division of the Kingdom Kahuripan be Jenggala (Kahuripan) and Panjalu (FC) is narrated in the inscription Mahaksubya (1289 AD), the book Negarakertagama (1365 AD), and the book of Candidate Charcoal (1540 AD).
As mentioned in earlier discussion, so the King Airlangga's death, there was a battle between two brothers. Panjalu can be mastered Jenggala and diabadikanlah name Mapanji Garasakan King (1042 - 1052 AD) in Malenga inscription. He still wore the symbol of the Kingdom of Airlangga, namely Garuda Mukha
Political developments Kediri kingdom
Mapanji Garasakan rule shortly. He replaced King Mapanji Alanjung (1052 - 1059 AD). Mapanji Alanjung then replaced again by the Sri Maharaja Samarotsaha. Ongoing battle between Jenggala and Panjalu cause for 60 years there was no clear news about the two kingdoms until the emergence of the name of King Bameswara (1116-1135 AD) of Kediri.
In those days the capital was moved from Daha Panjalu to Kediri so that the kingdom is better known by the name of the Kingdom of Kediri. King Bameswara using the royal insignia of fanged skull above the crescent moon which is called Candrakapala.
After Bameswara abdicate the throne, he was replaced Jayabaya that in his administration had succeeded in defeating Jenggala. Successive kings of Kediri since Jayabaya as follows.
1) King Jayabaya (1135 AD - 1159 AD)
King Jayabaya use of royal insignia badges Narasingha. Victory over the battle against Jenggala diperingatinya by ordering MPU Sedah compose kakawin Bharatayudha. Since MPU Sedah unable to resolve these kakawin, mpu Panuluh continue and finish it in 1157 AD In this reign, Kediri reach heyday.
2) King Sarweswara (1159-1169 AD)
Substitute Jayabaya is King Sarweswara. Not much is known about this king who was found because of limited heritage. He wore the royal insignia in the form of Ganesha.
3) King Kameswara (1182-1185 AD)
For a while, there is no clear news about the king of Kediri until the emergence of Kameswara. In this reign the book written by the MPU Darmaja Kakawin Smaradahana containing the cult of the king, as well as books and Wretasancaya Lubdaka written by MPU Tan Alung. Lubdaka Book tells of a hunter who eventually go to heaven and Wretasancaya contains instructions studying ancient Javanese song.
4) King Kertajaya (1185-1222 AD)
In the reign of Kertajaya, there is a conflict between the Brahmins and King Kertajaya. This happens because the Brahmins refused to worship the king who consider themselves as gods. The Brahmin then asked for the protection of Ken Arok. This opportunity is used Ken Arok to rebel against Kertajaya. In the year 1222 AD a great battle in Ganter and Kertajaya defeated Ken Arok.
Social life of the royal society kediri
Social life in the time we can see the kingdom of Kediri in the book of Ling-Wai-Tai-Ta prepared by Chou Ku-Fei in the year 1178 AD
Book Kediri noted that people using cloth to below the knees and his hair was parsed. The houses were on average very clean and tidy. The floor tiles are made from the yellow and green.
His government is watching the situation his people so that agriculture, livestock, and trade in a fairly rapid progress.
Groups in society Kediri divided into three kingdoms on the basis of public office.
1) Group community center (the kingdom), which is contained in the environmental community the king and some of her relatives and the servants.
2) Group Thani community (region), a community group composed of government officials or officials in the region Thani (regions).
3) Group non-governmental community, ie social groups that do not have the position and relationship with the government official or self-employed people.
Kediri has 300 more officers on duty to manage and record all the royal income. In addition, there are 1000 employees and lows in charge of the fort and the city moat, the royal treasury, and building supplies.
The division of the Kingdom Kahuripan be Jenggala (Kahuripan) and Panjalu (FC) is narrated in the inscription Mahaksubya (1289 AD), the book Negarakertagama (1365 AD), and the book of Candidate Charcoal (1540 AD).
As mentioned in earlier discussion, so the King Airlangga's death, there was a battle between two brothers. Panjalu can be mastered Jenggala and diabadikanlah name Mapanji Garasakan King (1042 - 1052 AD) in Malenga inscription. He still wore the symbol of the Kingdom of Airlangga, namely Garuda Mukha
Political developments Kediri kingdom
Mapanji Garasakan rule shortly. He replaced King Mapanji Alanjung (1052 - 1059 AD). Mapanji Alanjung then replaced again by the Sri Maharaja Samarotsaha. Ongoing battle between Jenggala and Panjalu cause for 60 years there was no clear news about the two kingdoms until the emergence of the name of King Bameswara (1116-1135 AD) of Kediri.
In those days the capital was moved from Daha Panjalu to Kediri so that the kingdom is better known by the name of the Kingdom of Kediri. King Bameswara using the royal insignia of fanged skull above the crescent moon which is called Candrakapala.
After Bameswara abdicate the throne, he was replaced Jayabaya that in his administration had succeeded in defeating Jenggala. Successive kings of Kediri since Jayabaya as follows.
1) King Jayabaya (1135 AD - 1159 AD)
King Jayabaya use of royal insignia badges Narasingha. Victory over the battle against Jenggala diperingatinya by ordering MPU Sedah compose kakawin Bharatayudha. Since MPU Sedah unable to resolve these kakawin, mpu Panuluh continue and finish it in 1157 AD In this reign, Kediri reach heyday.
2) King Sarweswara (1159-1169 AD)
Substitute Jayabaya is King Sarweswara. Not much is known about this king who was found because of limited heritage. He wore the royal insignia in the form of Ganesha.
3) King Kameswara (1182-1185 AD)
For a while, there is no clear news about the king of Kediri until the emergence of Kameswara. In this reign the book written by the MPU Darmaja Kakawin Smaradahana containing the cult of the king, as well as books and Wretasancaya Lubdaka written by MPU Tan Alung. Lubdaka Book tells of a hunter who eventually go to heaven and Wretasancaya contains instructions studying ancient Javanese song.
4) King Kertajaya (1185-1222 AD)
In the reign of Kertajaya, there is a conflict between the Brahmins and King Kertajaya. This happens because the Brahmins refused to worship the king who consider themselves as gods. The Brahmin then asked for the protection of Ken Arok. This opportunity is used Ken Arok to rebel against Kertajaya. In the year 1222 AD a great battle in Ganter and Kertajaya defeated Ken Arok.
Social life of the royal society kediri
Social life in the time we can see the kingdom of Kediri in the book of Ling-Wai-Tai-Ta prepared by Chou Ku-Fei in the year 1178 AD
Book Kediri noted that people using cloth to below the knees and his hair was parsed. The houses were on average very clean and tidy. The floor tiles are made from the yellow and green.
His government is watching the situation his people so that agriculture, livestock, and trade in a fairly rapid progress.
Groups in society Kediri divided into three kingdoms on the basis of public office.
1) Group community center (the kingdom), which is contained in the environmental community the king and some of her relatives and the servants.
2) Group Thani community (region), a community group composed of government officials or officials in the region Thani (regions).
3) Group non-governmental community, ie social groups that do not have the position and relationship with the government official or self-employed people.
Kediri has 300 more officers on duty to manage and record all the royal income. In addition, there are 1000 employees and lows in charge of the fort and the city moat, the royal treasury, and building supplies.
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